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                <text>Outdoor air pollution: assessing the environmental burden of disease at national and local levels</text>
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                <text>This 62-page guide is available in English and is intended for intermediate level public health professionals and environmental health specialists. This guide outlines a method for quantifying selected health impacts associated with outdoor air pollution. Such an estimate can be performed at the level of a country or city, according to locally available exposure and health data, and can be used as input to decision-making regarding for example transport options or standard setting in air quality. The following health outcomes are considered in this guide: adult cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer associated with long-term exposure to PM2.5, all-cause mortality for all ages associated with short-term exposure to PM10, and infant and childhood mortality from respiratory diseases associated with PM10 exposure. Outdoor air pollution has been associated with many more health outcomes, for example asthma exacerbation. However the evidence is currently not sufficient to make recommendations for quantitative methods that are applicable at global level. The guide reviews the scientific evidence for the effects of air pollution on both mortality and morbidity. It summarizes the steps for calculating the disease burden, discusses associated uncertainties and illustrates the method using a step-by-step numerical example for Bangkok, Thailand.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/ebd5.pdf" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/ebd5.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR TB)</text>
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                <text>This fact sheet is available in English, Spanish, French, Chinese, and Italian. It is intended to be used as an educational tool to provide awareness to the general public regarding extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB). This fact sheet explains what XDR TB is, how it’s spread, severity, at risk populations, prevention, treatment, symptoms, diagnosis, air travel safety, and provides links to other information about tuberculosis.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.cdc.gov/tb/pubs/tbfactsheets/xdrtb.htm" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.cdc.gov/tb/pubs/tbfactsheets/xdrtb.htm&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This fact sheet is available in English, Spanish, French, Chinese, and Italian. It is intended to be used as an educational tool to provide awareness to the general public regarding extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB). This fact sheet explains what XDR TB is, how it’s spread, severity, at risk populations, prevention, treatment, symptoms, diagnosis, air travel safety, and provides links to other information about tuberculosis.</text>
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                <text>This fact sheet is available in English, Spanish, French, Chinese, and Italian. It is intended to be used as an educational tool to provide awareness to the general public regarding extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB). This fact sheet explains what XDR TB is, how it’s spread, severity, at risk populations, prevention, treatment, symptoms, diagnosis, air travel safety, and provides links to other information about tuberculosis.</text>
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                <text>This fact sheet is available in English, Spanish, French, Chinese, and Italian. It is intended to be used as an educational tool to provide awareness to the general public regarding extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB). This fact sheet explains what XDR TB is, how it’s spread, severity, at risk populations, prevention, treatment, symptoms, diagnosis, air travel safety, and provides links to other information about tuberculosis.</text>
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                <text>This fact sheet is available in English, Spanish, French, Chinese, and Italian. It is intended to be used as an educational tool to provide awareness to the general public regarding extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB). This fact sheet explains what XDR TB is, how it’s spread, severity, at risk populations, prevention, treatment, symptoms, diagnosis, air travel safety, and provides links to other information about tuberculosis.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.cdc.gov/tb/pubs/tbfactsheets/xdrtbspanish.htm" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.cdc.gov/tb/pubs/tbfactsheets/xdrtbspanish.htm&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This 47-page guideline is available in English, and addresses the concerns about transmission of tuberculosis (TB) during air travel. This document includes: information on transmission of TB on aircraft; a summary of the practices used for the management of patients with infectious TB associated with air travel; suggestions on practical ways to reduce the risk of exposure to TB on board commercial aircrafts; and guidance on procedures to follow when infectious TB is diagnosed in a patient who has a history of recent air travel. It also introduces the revised International Health Regulations, which will enter into force in June 2007, establishing basic rules for international coordination in the detection, investigation, and response to public health risks. The guidelines include specific recommendations for passengers, air crews, physicians, health authorities and airline companies. They are applicable to all domestic and international airlines worldwide.</text>
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                <text>Impact of lowering of the permissible exposure value for formaldehyde - Health impact of an occupational exposure to formaldehyde</text>
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                <text>Following a request from the review committee for Schedule A of the Regulation respecting occupational health and safety, and following a preliminary feasibility study, this project aimed to evaluate the health and socioeconomic impacts of lowering the current permissible exposure value of 2 ppm ceiling to one of the values of 1.0, 0.75 or 0.3 ppm ceiling or weighted for eight hours. The authors evaluated the gains for workers' health and the costs and economic advantages for companies. To achieve this, they adopted a mixed approach that combined expertise and a classic industrial hygiene approach, in order to produce a matrix linking economic activity sectors and formaldehyde exposure concentrations. The addition of data on workstations and emission sources made it possible to consolidate the results obtained by sector, manpower and distribution of exposed workers. This project has also resulted in the acquisition of knowledge on a large number of economic activity sectors in Québec as well as expertise on the evaluation of occupational health and safety impacts. The results are published by industrial sector, and overall, in 13 publications, including the comprehensive report.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.irsst.qc.ca/en/_publicationirsst_100178.html" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.irsst.qc.ca/en/_publicationirsst_100178.html&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Guide sur la protection respiratoire contre les bioaérosols - Recommandations sur le choix et l'utilisation</text>
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                <text>No respiratory protection guide specific to biological hazards exists. To make up for this deficiency, the review committee for Schedule 1 of the Regulation respecting occupational health and safety asked the IRSST to produce such a document. The authors will take into account two types of hazards: infections associated with living bioaerosols, and the immunological or toxic reactions caused by microorganisms, even dead ones. The guide that will result from their work will be useful to workers exposed to biological hazards and to the people responsible for protecting them by determining the need to wear respiratory protective equipment and by making it easier to choose the most appropriate device, based on the case.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.irsst.qc.ca/en/_publicationirsst_100283.html" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.irsst.qc.ca/en/_publicationirsst_100283.html&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Health Effects of Nanoparticles</text>
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                <text>Québec is very active in research in the field of nanoparticle development and nanotechnology. More than 35 production companies already exist or are in the start-up phase. It is believed that the number of Québec workers potentially exposed will grow over the next few years. To prevent the development of occupational diseases or the occurrence of accidents, the IRSST began a review of world-wide scientific knowledge to evaluate whether there are known risks associated with this emerging sector. An initial report addressing the health effects (R-451) shows that a limited number of toxicological studies exist, but all of these studies conclude that there are some health risks following exposure to nanoparticles. Although numerous risks are associated with the nature of nanoparticles, it has now been clearly established that toxicity is related to the surface area of these particles and not their mass, and that, for a given substance, the toxicity is much higher when it is of nanometric size than micrometric size. - The second report (R-455) summarizes current knowledge about nanoparticles, their synthesis and applications, health and safety risks, and the challenges in evaluating occupational exposure. Also discussed are nanoparticle-related occupational health and safety control and prevention aspects.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.irsst.qc.ca/en/_publicationirsst_100209.html" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.irsst.qc.ca/en/_publicationirsst_100209.html&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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