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                <text>Using a nationwide network of monitoring sites, EPA has developed ambient air quality trends for particle pollution, also called Particulate Matter (PM). Trends from 1990-2008 appear on this website for PM2.5 and PM10. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA sets and reviews national air quality standards for PM. Air quality monitors measure concentrations of PM throughout the country. EPA, state, tribal and local agencies use that data to ensure that PM in the air is at levels that protect public health and the environment. Nationally, average PM concentrations have decreased over the years.</text>
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                <text>This web site provides information about EPA's actions designating areas whose air quality does not meet the health-based standards established in 1997 and 2006 for fine particle pollution (particulate matter). It also links to the 1997 and 2006 area designations for the fine particle standards.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pmdesignations/" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.epa.gov/pmdesignations/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This EPA webpage on particulate matter (PM) provides information on the Clean Air Act and the primary and secondary standards set to limit particle pollution. The fact sheet also provides a brief history of EPA standards and revisions.</text>
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                <text>This EPA webpage on particulate matter (PM) provides basic information to users. Topics include the following: basic information; health and welfare; PM standards; PM designations; PM implementation; regulatory actions; PM research; air quality trends; air emission sources; and related links.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/oar/particlepollution/" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.epa.gov/oar/particlepollution/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This EPA webpage on particulate matter (PM) research provides basic information. Topics include the components and types of particulate matter, the effects of PM on human and environmental health, the history of PM and controlling PM emissions.</text>
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                <text>Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide, Report on a WHO Working Group, Bonn, Germany, 13-15 January 2003</text>
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                <text>This WHO Working Group (WG) was convened to review systematically the most recent scientific evidence on the adverse health effects of particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The review focused on studies that were published after the second edition of the WHO AQG was produced, and which have been influential in changing our views on health-related aspects of the substances under consideration. The WG adopted a recommendation to use fine particulate matter, (PM2.5), as the indicator for health effects induced by particulate pollution such as increased risk of mortality in Europe, to supplement the commonly used PM10 (which includes fine and coarse particles). It also acknowledged the evidence that ozone produces short-term effects on mortality and respiratory morbidity, even at the low ozone concentrations experienced in many cities in Europe. Based on these findings the WG recommended that WHO should update exposure-response relationships for the most severe health outcomes induced by particulate matter and ozone presented by AQGs. The WG also concluded that an update of the current WHO AQG for nitrogen dioxide, which is also an important precursor for the formation of ozone and particulate matter, was not warranted.</text>
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                <text>http://www.euro.who.int/document/e79097.pdf</text>
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                <text>This summary on the exposure of children to air pollution (particulate matter) in outdoor air is based on annual mean PM10 concentrations measured in urban background locations. National estimates are calculated as population- weighted means of average PM10 concentrations in cities. It also contains information on the environment and health context, the policy relevance and context, and an assessment of the situation in the WHO European Region.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.euro.who.int/document/EHI/enhis_factsheet09_3_3.pdf" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.euro.who.int/document/EHI/enhis_factsheet09_3_3.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
